Adverbs are words extending meaning of some corresponding verb or adjective. Adverbs are not conjugated.
- Adverbs regularly formed from adjectives have ending -o (or -e after consonants č, š, ž).
example:
mnogy (numerous, adj.) → mnogo (much, many, plenty of, adv.)
dobry (good, adj.) → dobro (good, adv.)
maly (small, adj.) → malo (a few, adv.)
novy (new, adj.) → novo (new, adv.)
priemy (straight, adj.) → priemo (straight, adv.)
povratny (backward, return, adj.) → povratno (backward, return, adv.)
levy (left, adj.) → levo (left, adv.)
desny (right, adj.) → desno (right, adv.)
pravy (right, correct, adj.) → pravo (right, correct, adv.)
krivy (false, awry, adj.) → krivo (false, awry, adv.)
sviežy (fresh, adj.) → svieže (fresh, adv.)
- Adjectives -sky, ... have adverb -ski.
example:
novosloviensky (Neoslavonic, adj.) → novoslovienski (Neoslavonic, adv.)
englijsky (Neoslavonic, adj.) → englijski (Neoslavonic, adv.)
derived adverbs
Some adverbs are formed from fossilized proverbial structures of a noun in some case with optional preposition or pronoun. Such a structure is then written together as one word and behaves as one word. They are for example:
vkupie
|
v kupie (L)
|
together (originally: in a group)
|
| izjutra |
iz jitra (G)
|
tomorrow (originally: from the morning)
|
| gorie |
gorie (L)
|
up, to the top (originally: a hill in locative) |
| dolu |
dolu (L)
|
down, to the bottom (originally: a valley in locative) |
letom
|
letom (I)
|
in/during a summer
|
| zimoj |
zimoj (I)
|
in/during a winter
|
| jutrom |
jutrom (I)
|
in/during a morning/sunrise |
| včera |
večera (G)
|
yesterday (originally: an evening in genitive) |
| doma |
doma (G)
|
at home (originally: a house in genitive) |
| jutras |
jutra sego (G)
|
today morning, this morning (originally: this morning in genitive) |
| polednes |
poledne sego (G)
|
today noon, this noon (originally: this noon in genitive) |
| večeras |
večera sego (G)
|
today evening, this evening (originally: this evening in genitive) |
| dnes |
dne sego (G)
|
today (originally: this day in genitive) |
| nočis |
noči sej (G)
|
tonight (originally: this night in genitive) |
interrogative adverbs and their answers
current location
|
way-through location
|
requested location
|
time |
modus |
numeral adverb
|
|
kdie?
|
where? |
kudie?
|
where?
|
kamo? |
where?
|
kogda |
when?
|
kako?
|
how?
|
koliko? |
howmuch?
|
interrogative
|
sdie
|
here |
sdie |
here |
semo |
here |
segda |
now |
- |
- |
- |
- |
dmnstr. exactly
|
| tudie,tu |
here |
tudie,tu |
here |
tamo |
there |
togda |
that time
|
tako |
this way
|
toliko |
so much
|
demonstrative
|
| ovdie |
here |
ovdie |
here |
ovamo
|
there |
ovegda |
that time |
ovako |
this way
|
- |
- |
dmnstr. roughly
|
| ondie |
here |
ondie |
here |
onamo
|
there |
onegda |
that time |
onako |
this way
|
- |
- |
dmnstr. distantly
|
| indie |
elsewhere |
inudie |
elsewhere |
inamo |
elsewhere
|
inogda |
another time
|
inako |
other way
|
- |
- |
alternatively
|
| inkdie |
no where
|
nikudie
|
no where
|
nikamo
|
no where
|
nikogda
|
never |
nikako
|
no way
|
nikoliko
|
no |
nowise, no way
|
| niekdie |
anywhere
|
niekudie
|
anywhere |
niekamo
|
anywhere |
niekogda
|
sometimes |
niekako
|
some way
|
niekoliko
|
some |
some, any
|
vsekdie
|
everywhere |
vsekudie
|
everywhere |
vsemo |
everywhere |
vsegda
|
always
|
vsekako |
all way
|
- |
- |
always |
-
Note in this table that there is a lot of symmetries between pronouns, numerals and adverbs made by the same prefixes (e.g. t-, in-, ni-, nie-, vs-). For details, see chapters about pronouns and numerals again.
-
Adverbs kamo?, semo, tamo, ... can be combined with the prefix ot- (from) in order to make adverb otkamo? (where from?), ot tamo (from there), ...
- Adverbs kako, nikako, niekako, ... have an optional alternative jako, nijako, niejako, ...
gradation
Gradation of adverbs is very similar to the gradation of adjectives as well. Also it has 4 levels and two modes: direct and descriptive. The prefix is naj- (the same as of adjectives) and suffix is -ieje (or -eje after c, s, z, č, š, ž). There are five irregular adverbs made from the same irregular adjectives in the comparative: bolše, lučše, unše, menše, gorše.
example:
- silno = strong
- silnieje = vyše silno = stronger, more strong
- najsilnieje = najvyše silno = strongest, the most strong
- najsilno = mnogo silno = very strong
idioms
Like virtually every language language, Neoslavonic has idioms as well. Were chosen with the aim of maximum similarity to a spoken language and simplicity. Please, learn these idioms:
jest treba D N/infinitive
|
needs to, it is required, ... (whom, what)
|
| hoču D A/infinitive
|
I want (for D) to ...
|
v redu
|
in order
|
i kako li že
|
although (exactly: and how if that)
|
drug druga
|
each other (exactly: a friend of a friend)
|
| otnošeno |
mutually (from the verb otnositi = relate to)
|
na žalkost
|
unfortunately (exactly: at disfavor)
|
na štastije
|
fortunately (exactly: at fortune)
|
ače ... potom ... ali
|
if ... then ... else
|
examples
Treba jest pisati pismo. = It is required to write a letter.
Treba jest Tebie pisati pismo. = It is required you to write a letter.
Hočeme Vam iti do Pragy. = We want you to go in Prague. Dobro govoriš novoslovienski. = You speak Neoslavonic well.
|
